Gut Microbes Signal Response to Immune Therapy in Melanoma

Source: Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, July 2021

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) are proteins found on the surface of immune cells that downregulate immune response. The inhibition of these proteins—dual immune checkpoint therapy–constitutes the most effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses in the treatment of many types of cancers.

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